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Glossary
Definitions for the 73 financial and OSINT terms used across Veytics. Each entry has a stable anchor — link directly to it from anywhere in the docs or the application using /glossary#<term-id>.
Source of truth:
frontend/src/components/onboarding/glossary.js. This page is regenerated from that file before every docs build — do not edit it directly.
Jump to: A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · L · M · N · O · P · R · S · T · V · W
A
ADR
American Depositary Receipt — US-traded certificate representing shares of a non-US company.
ADS-B
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast — aircraft transponder signal that openly broadcasts position, altitude and identifier.
AIS
Automatic Identification System — VHF transmissions from ships carrying MMSI, position, course and speed.
Ask
Lowest price a seller is currently willing to accept.
ATR
Average True Range — measures volatility as the average daily price range over N periods.
B
Beta
Sensitivity of a stock's return to the market. Beta 1 = moves with market, > 1 amplifies, < 1 dampens.
Bid
Highest price a buyer is currently willing to pay for the security.
Bollinger Bands
A moving average plus/minus N standard deviations. Touching upper/lower band can signal overextension.
C
Callsign
Aircraft or radio identifier — for flights, the operator code plus flight number (e.g. UAL123).
Candle
Single OHLC bar showing open, high, low, close for a time period. Green = up, red = down.
Crypto
Blockchain-based digital asset traded 24/7. Veytics tracks BTC, ETH and major altcoins.
D
Div Yield
Annual dividend per share divided by share price. The income return of holding the stock at current price.
Dividend
Cash distribution from company profits to shareholders. Set per share, paid quarterly or annually.
E
EBITDA
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization — operating profitability before financing and accounting choices distort the picture.
EMA
Exponential Moving Average — recent prices weighted more heavily than older ones; reacts faster than SMA.
EOD
End-Of-Day — closing prices and aggregate stats for a trading session, typically published after the exchange closes.
EPS
Earnings Per Share — net profit attributable to one share of common stock.
ETF
Exchange-Traded Fund — basket of assets that trades like a single stock. Low-cost, diversified exposure.
EV
Enterprise Value — market cap plus net debt. The price an acquirer would notionally pay to take the whole company.
EV/EBITDA
Enterprise Value divided by EBITDA. Capital-structure-neutral version of P/E — useful when comparing companies with different debt levels.
F
FCF
Free Cash Flow — operating cash flow minus capital expenditure. The cash a business generates beyond what it must reinvest.
Float
Shares actually available for public trading — total shares minus restricted / insider holdings.
FX Cross
Currency pair that does not include USD — e.g. EUR/JPY, GBP/CHF.
G
Geofence
A virtual perimeter on a map. When a vessel, aircraft or event enters / leaves it, an alert can fire.
GEOINT
Geospatial Intelligence — analysis derived from geographically referenced data: imagery, maps, location patterns.
GICS
Global Industry Classification Standard — 4-tier sector / industry taxonomy used by S&P and MSCI.
Gross Margin
(Revenue − Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue. Pricing power and unit economics indicator.
H
HUMINT
Human Intelligence — information collected from human sources via interviews, agents, defectors.
I
ICAO 24-bit
Hexadecimal aircraft identifier permanently assigned to an airframe — unlike callsign, it does not change per flight.
IMO
IMO ship number — 7-digit identifier permanently assigned to a vessel hull.
Intraday
Price data within a single trading session — minute / hour bars rather than daily closes.
ISIN
International Securities Identification Number — globally unique 12-character security identifier.
L
Leverage
Ratio of position size to own capital. 5× leverage = a 1% move on the asset is a 5% move on equity.
Liquidity
Ease of buying or selling without moving the price. High liquidity = tight spreads, deep order book.
Long
Owning the asset; profit if price rises. Standard buy-and-hold position.
M
MACD
Moving Average Convergence/Divergence — trend / momentum indicator built from two EMAs and a signal line.
Margin
Borrowed funds from the broker used to amplify positions. Subject to maintenance requirements and margin calls.
Market Cap
Total equity value: share price × shares outstanding. Defines mega-/large-/mid-/small-/micro-cap brackets.
MMSI
Maritime Mobile Service Identity — 9-digit unique vessel identifier transmitted over AIS.
MOEX
Moscow Exchange — primary Russian securities exchange and the index of leading Russian stocks.
Mutual Fund
Pooled investment vehicle priced once a day at NAV. No intraday trading.
N
NER
Named Entity Recognition — NLP task of extracting persons, organisations, locations and dates from text.
Net Margin
Net income divided by revenue. The bottom-line profit kept from each dollar of sales.
NOTAM
Notice to Air Missions — official aviation advisory about hazards, closures or airspace changes.
O
Op. Margin
Operating income divided by revenue. Profit after operating expenses but before interest and tax.
OSINT
Open-Source Intelligence — analysis based on publicly available information: news, social media, ADS-B / AIS feeds, satellite, public records.
P
P/B
Price-to-Book — share price divided by book value per share. < 1 may signal under-valuation or distress; high P/B reflects intangibles.
P/E Ratio
Price-to-Earnings: share price divided by earnings per share. A rough gauge of how expensive a stock is relative to its profits.
P/S
Price-to-Sales — market cap over revenue. Useful for unprofitable / high-growth companies where earnings are negative.
Pattern of Life
Routine behaviour profile of a target / vessel / aircraft. Anomalies against this baseline often signal events.
PEG
P/E divided by earnings growth rate. PEG ≈ 1 is "fair" — below 1 may flag under-valuation given growth.
Pip
Smallest standard price move in an FX rate — 0.0001 for most pairs, 0.01 for JPY pairs.
Pre-market
Trading before the regular session (typically 04:00-09:30 ET in US). Lower liquidity, wider spreads.
R
ROA
Return on Assets — net income divided by total assets. How well assets are used to generate profit.
ROE
Return on Equity — net income divided by shareholder equity. How efficiently shareholder capital generates profit.
ROIC
Return on Invested Capital — how efficiently a company turns deployed capital into operating profit. Above the cost of capital = value creation.
RSI
Relative Strength Index — momentum oscillator (0-100). Above 70 typically "overbought", below 30 "oversold".
S
S&P 500
Index of 500 large-cap US companies — the standard US equity benchmark.
Sector
Top-level industry grouping (Tech, Energy, Financials…). Veytics heatmap colours by sector.
Sentiment
Polarity score (positive / neutral / negative) computed by NLP over news, posts or transcripts.
Short
Selling borrowed shares hoping to repurchase them cheaper. Profit if price falls.
Short Interest
Total shares sold short but not yet covered. High SI can fuel short squeezes.
SIGINT
Signals Intelligence — intercepted communications, radar and electronic emissions analysis.
SMA
Simple Moving Average over N periods. Smooths price to expose trend.
Spread
Difference between best ask and best bid. Wider spread = lower liquidity / higher round-trip cost.
Squawk
Four-digit code an aircraft transmits via transponder. Specials: 7500 hijack, 7600 radio fail, 7700 emergency.
Stop-Loss
Order that closes a position once price hits a threshold, capping the maximum loss.
T
Take-Profit
Order that closes a position once a target price is reached, locking in gains.
Ticker
Short symbol identifying a security on an exchange (e.g. AAPL, MSFT).
V
Volatility
Standard deviation of returns. High volatility = wide price swings; the foundation of risk metrics.
Volume
Number of shares (or contracts) traded over the chosen interval.
VWAP
Volume-Weighted Average Price — average price weighted by traded volume over a period. A common execution benchmark.
W
Watchlist
A user-curated list of tickers, vessels or aircraft tracked in real time across Veytics.